More often, modern systems of technical protection of facilities use access control.
Thanks to it, access to the building, its parts or even individual rooms is limited only to authorised persons. In combination with the alarm system and CCTV system, together it forms a complete Security System.
Access control in the simplest form can be applied to one passage without archiving events on this transition. This means that only a person who has an entry/exit card or who knows the correct code can open the door. On the other hand, neither the opening time nor the person opening the door is identified. Extensive access control systems allow you to: service several dozens of passes, assigning individuals the right to enter a specific room or group of rooms in the period of the day or day of the week, collect information about the date and exact time of opening the passage by a specific authorised person, alerts the user when an unauthorised person attempts to open or forceful opening of the passage.
In large institutions, they allow for instant location of the sought employee. Such systems work under the control of a program installed on a PC. Thanks to this, it is easy to assign the right of passage or to delete it and set the details of such permissions as well as gathering events in the system in the computer's memory. It is also possible to control all transitions in "online" mode, so on the monitor screen immediately appears all events occurring in the system with a full description of the transition name, passing person, door opening time, and opening mode (opening with a card, emergency button, force opening).
A wide range of devices can be used to identify authorised persons, including: magnetic card readers – reading sequences of digits recorded on the magnetic strip of the card, proximity card readers – reading sequences of digits coded in the card by using the phenomenon of induction (passive cards) or electromagnetic waves (active cards), code keypads - recognising the correct 4-or-more digital opening code entered by the authorised person, bar code readers - reading sequences of digits recorded in stripes of various thickness (similar to like on the goods in the store), biometric readers - analysing e.g. fingerprints, image of the retina, voice identification, etc.
The principle of operation of access control systems consists in the necessity of entering identifying characters into the reader. Regardless of whether a person wishing to enter the protected area enters the code from the keyboard, whether the code will be read from a magnetic or proximity card, or whether it will be broadcast by radio, the reader must receive the appropriate code. Then the reader sends the received code to the controller. Readers attached to the controller are distinguished by identifiers, so the system knows where the user has applied. In the process of system configuration, for each reader, you can declare an individual name and type (entrance, exit, business exit).
After receiving the code, the controller makes the decision about opening the partition corresponding to this code. Proximity cards, unlike traditional magnetic cards, do not wear out during operation, they limit the number of errors in handling, and in the range version from 90 cm allow "hands-free" transitions. Their higher cost is fully justified by the lack of defects, that magnetic card or code keyboard systems have. An integral part of any access control system are elements of protected passage closures. Depending on the type of door we use electromagnetic bolts or electromagnetic switches.
You can also strengthen the protection of transitions by installing turnstiles, barriers, etc. The entire system can be managed from the local supervision centre (using the protocol TCP / IP in the local IP network, or as dedicated links (RS), or through telecommunications links from a remote surveillance centre.
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